Palmyra 3 of 3 - Achilles Tendon of the U.S.

 Island: Another Achilles Tendon of the U.S.A. or Exposing Agents/Pirates/Pillagers/Genocide Activists In History

• Posted by Amelia Gora on September 14, 2015 at 11:44pm in Politics
• View Discussions

PALMYRA ISLAND:  ANOTHER ACHILLES TENDON OF THE U.S.A. or Exposing Agents/Pirates/Pillagers/Genocide Activists In History

                                                                         Overview by Amelia Gora (2015)

In 1862, Kamehameha IV - Alexander Liholiho claimed Palmyra Islands.

In 1859, Palmyra Islands was annexed to the U.S. by Dr. J.P./G.P.  Judd  who was an agent to the American Guano Co. on the brig "Josephine".  He was a subject of the Hawaiian Kingdom. 

Background:

In 1849, Judd was in an Impeachment Proceeding filed in 1849 by G.M. Robertson.

In 1853, Judd had enough of smallpox vaccines to innoculate everyone but he gave vaccinations to selected family, friends, and some Hawaiians.  Thousands of innocents died.

Judd retired from office.

The Hawaiian Kingdom was so kind to forgive the wretched man who was a former Minister of Finance, and they passed a Joint Resolution For Relief of G.P. Judd "late Minister of Finance, he is hereby released, forever, from all responsibility to His Majesty's Government, for a certain sum of money amounting to $2,930.44 which appears upon the books of the Department of Finance, debited to "Deficiency Account" under date of 23'd June, AD 1852."  Approved April 20, 1859.

In 1859, Judd's son, one of nine (9) children, left for Baker's Island, one of the islands in the Pacific were said to be "pioneers in peopling Uncle Sam's most western domains..."  

Charles H. Judd was the Chamberlain for Kamehameha V - Lot.  

Gerritt Parmele Judd died in 1873.

His son Albert Francis Judd helped to dethrone Queen Liliuokalani twenty years later or in 1893.

The following article shows some of the history of Palmyra, and read the views of Dr. Craven, and Professor Wlliamson Chang who defended the Painter family in the Palmyra Island case.  

Sadly, Professor Chang was heavily penalized by the Federal Courts for defending the kanaka maoli over time.

PALMYRA ATOLL

 

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PALMYRA ATOLL

Palmyra Atoll

EO-1 Satellite Image of Palmyra Atoll.
Palmyra Atoll Location of Palmyra Atoll in the Pacific Ocean
Geography
Coordinates	5°53′N 162°5′W / 5.883°N 162.083°WCoordinates:5°53′N 162°5′W / 5.883°N 162.083°W
Archipelago	North Pacific
Total islands	4
Area	12 km2 (4.6 sq mi)
Coastline	14 km (8.7 mi)
Highest elevation	1.8288 m (6 ft)
Country
United States  Palmyra Atoll is under the administration of the Office of Insular Affairs
Demographics
Population	4 - 10
Additional information
incorporated[1] Template:Designation list

Palmyra Atoll /pælˈmaɪrə/ is an unoccupied equatorial Northern Pacific atoll administered as anunorganized incorporated territory by the United States federal government. The variable temporary population of 4–20 "non-occupants" are staffand scientists employed by various departments of the US government and The Nature Conservancy,[2] as well as a rotating mix of Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium[3]scholars pursuing research.

Palmyra is one of the Northern Line Islands (southeast ofKingman Reef and north ofKiribati Line Islands), located almost due south of theHawaiian Islands, roughly halfway between Hawaii andAmerican Samoa. The atoll is 4.6 sq mi (12 km2), and it is located in the equatorial Northern Pacific Ocean. Its 9 mi (14 km) of coastline has one anchorage known as West Lagoon.

The atoll consists of an extensive reef, two shallow lagoons, and some 50 sand and reef-rock islets and bars covered with vegetation—mostlycoconut trees, Scaevola, and tallPisonia trees.

The islets of the atoll are mostly connected. Sand Island and the two Home Islets in the west and Barren Island in the east are not. The largest island isCooper Island in the north, followed by Kaula Island in the south. The northern arch of islets is formed by Strawn Island, Cooper Island, Aviation Island, Quail Island, Whippoorwill Island, followed in the east by Eastern Island, Papala Island, and Pelican Island, and in the south by Bird Island, Holei Island, Engineer Island, Tanager Island, Marine Island, Kaula Island, Paradise Island, and Home Island (clockwise). Average annual rainfall is approximately 175 in (4,400 mm) per year. Daytime temperatures average 85 °F (29 °C) year round.

CONTENTS

• 1 Political status
• 2 History
• 3 U.S. Navy occupation (1934-1959)
• 4 Interior Department administration (1959-present)
• 5 National Wildlife Refuge
• 6 The Sea Wind murders
• 7 See also
• 8 References
• 9 External links

POLITICAL STATUS

Palmyra is an incorporated territory of the United States (the only such territory in existence since 1959), meaning that it is subject to all provisions of the U.S. Constitution and is permanently under American sovereignty. However, since Palmyra is also an unorganized territory, there is no Act of Congress specifying how Palmyra should be governed. Palmyra is also uninhabited, as far as permanent residents are concerned.

The only relevant Federal law simply gives the President the authority to administer Palmyra as he best sees fit (see Section 48 of the Hawaii Omnibus Act, Pub. L. 86–624, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 411, attached as a note to former sections 491 to 636 of Title 48, United States Code[4]).

The issue of the governing of Palmyra is generally a moot point, since there is no permanent population remaining there, nor any reason to think that there will be in the future. Palmyra is the only unorganized incorporated territory of the US. Cooper Island in this atoll is owned by The Nature Conservancy, and it is managed as a nature reserve. The rest of Palmyra is Federal land and waters under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[5] Since Palmyra has no local government at all, it is administered directly fromWashington, D.C., by the Office of Insular Affairs, of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

For all other purposes, Palmyra is counted as one of the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.

There is no current economic activity on Palmyra. Most of the roads and causeways there were built during World War II. All of these are now unserviceable and overgrown with bushes and grass. There is a 2,000-meter-long, unpaved, airstrip on Cooper Island (Palmyra (Cooper) Airport, ICAO code PLPA), that was built for the Navy during WW II.

A construction program in 2004 consisted of several two-person bungalows and showers for the temporary residents. Fresh water is collected from the roof of a concrete building in this area. The communal buildings of the area on the north side of Cooper Island (the only occupied area of the atoll) consist of a common cooking and dining building next to the only sea dock, and there is a kayak and scuba diving equipment storage building adjacent to this.

Palmyra Atoll's location in the Pacific Ocean, where the southern and northern currents meet, means that its beaches are littered with trash and debris. Plastic mooring buoys and plastic bottles are plentiful on the beaches of Palmyra.

HISTORY

Palmyra was first sighted in 1798 by captain Edmund Fanning of Stonington, Connecticut, master of the American merchant ship Betsy,on a voyage to Asia. Fanning had woken three times during the night before. After the third time, he took it as a premonition, and he ordered Betsy to heave to for the rest of the night. The next morning, Betsy resumed sailing, but only about a nautical milefurther on, she reached the reef of Palmyra. Had the ship continued on her course at night, the ship might have been wrecked.[6] On November 7, 1802, USS Palmyra under Captain Sawle was shipwrecked on the reef, which was given the name of this vessel.

In 1859, Palmyra Atoll was claimed for the United States by Dr. Gerrit P. Juddof the brig Josephine, in accordance with the Guano Islands Act of 1856, but there was no guano there to be mined. On February 26, 1862, KingKamehameha IV of Hawaii commissioned Captain Zenas Bent and Johnson Beswick Wilkinson, both Hawaiian citizens, to take possession of the atoll. On April 15, 1862, it was formally annexed to the Kingdom of Hawaii, while Bent and Wilkinson became joint owners.[7]

Over the next century, ownership of the atoll passed through various hands. Bent sold his rights to Palmyra to Wilkinson on December 25, 1862. Palmyra later passed to Kalama Wilkinson (Johnson's widow). In 1885, it was then divided between three heirs, two of whom immediately gave their rights to William Luther Wilcox who, in turn, gave them to the Pacific Navigation Company. In 1897, this company was liquidated, and its interests were sold first to William Ansel Kinney, and then to Fred Wunderburg.[8]

The third Wilkinson heir sold his rights to William Ringer.[9]

Meanwhile, in 1889, Commander Nichols of HMS Cormorant claimed Palmyra for the United Kingdom, unaware of the prior claim made by Hawaii.[10]

In 1898, the United States annexed Hawaii, and Palmyra with it. On June 14, 1900, Palmyra became part of the new Territory of Hawaii.[7] To end all British claims, Congress passed a second act of annexation in 1911. This act made Palmyra the only "incorporated territory" of the United States at that time.

With imminent opening of the Panama Canal, Palmyra became strategically important. Britain had established a submarine cable station for the All Red Line on nearby Fanning Island.[11] So the U.S. Navy sent USS West Virginia to Palmyra, where on February 21, 1912, American sovereignty was formally reaffirmed.[7]

In 1912, Henry Ernest Cooper (1857–1929) acquired William Ringer's property rights to Palmyra and, after a challenge in court, he became the sole owner of the atoll.[9] Cooper visited the island in July 1913 with the scientists Charles Montague Cooke, Jr., and Joseph F. Rock, who wrote up a scientific description of the atoll.[12]

On August 19, 1922, Cooper sold the whole atoll except two minor islets to Leslie and Ellen Fullard-Leo for $15,000. They established the Palmyra Copra Company to harvest the coconuts growing on the atoll. Their three sons, including actor Leslie Vincent, continued as the owners afterwards, except for the period of administration by the Navy during World War II (1940–1945).

U.S. NAVY OCCUPATION (1934-1959)

In 1934, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, and Palmyra were placed under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Navy. The Navy took over the atoll for use as the Palmyra Island Naval Air Station on August 15, 1941. From November 1939 through 1947, the atoll had resident Federal Government representatives, the island commanders.

After World War II, much of the Naval Air Station was demolished, with some of the materials piled up and burned on the atoll, dumped into the lagoon, or in the case of unexploded ordnance on some islets, just left in place.[13] After the war, the Fullard-Leo family sued for the return of the ownership of Palmyra Atoll. The case went all the way up to the Supreme Court. The family won its case in United States v. Fullard-Leo, 331 U.S. 256 (1947).[14] As of 2007, descendants of Henry Cooper still owned the two small islets not sold in 1922.[7]

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT ADMINISTRATION (1959-PRESENT)

When Hawaii was admitted to the United States in 1959, Palmyra was explicitly separated from the new state as a federal incorporated territory, administered by the Department of the Interior.[7] In 1962, the Department of Defense used Palmyra as an observation site during several high-altitude nuclear weaponstests high above Johnston Atoll. A group of about ten men supported the observation posts during this series of tests, while about 40 people carried out the observations.

In December 2000, most of Palmyra Atoll was bought by The Nature Conservancy[7] for coral reef conservation and research. In 2003, a scientific study was published about fossilized coral that was washing up on Palmyra. This fossilized coral was examined for evidence of the behavior of the effect ofEl Niño on the tropical Pacific Ocean over the past 1,000 years.[15]

In November 2005, The Nature Conservancy established up a new research station on Palmyra to study global warming, the disappearing coral reefs,invasive species, and other environmental concerns.[16]

The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, including Palmyra Atoll, was established on January 6, 2009. The Secretary of the Interior has delegated the responsibility for supervising this National Monument to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[17]

NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

On January 18, 2001, the Secretary of the Interior signed an order designating Palmyra’s tidal lands, submerged lands, and surrounding waters out to 12 nautical miles (22 km) from the water’s edge as a National Wildlife Refuge. Subsequently, the Department of the Interior published a regulation providing for the management of the refuge. 66 Fed. Reg. 7660-01 (January 24, 2001). The regulation states, in pertinent part, as follows:

"We will close the refuge to commercial fishing but will permit a low level of compatible recreational fishing for bonefishing and deep water sportfishing under programs that we will carefully manage to ensure compatibility with refuge purposes. . . . Management actions will include protection of the refuge waters and wildlife from commercial fishing activities."

In March 2003, The Nature Conservancy conveyed 416 acres (1.68 km2) of the emergent land of Palmyra to the United States to be included in the refuge. It subsequently added 28 more acres to the conveyance.

In January 2007, commercial fishing interests sued the United States in theCourt of Federal Claims alleging that, under the Takings Clause, the Interior Department regulation had “directly confiscated, taken, and rendered wholly and completely worthless” their purported property interests. The United States filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit, and the court granted the motion.[18] On April 9, 2009, the court's decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.[19]

In 2011, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Nature Conservancy, and Island Conservation began an extensive program to eradicate the large population of non-native rats that had arrived on Palmyra during World War II. As many as 30,000 rats once roamed the atoll, eating the eggs of native seabirds and destroying the seedlings of one the largest remaining stands ofPisonia grandis trees in the Pacific. These efforts were successfully concluded in 2012--with respect to rodent removal, however fifty-one animal samples representing 15 species of birds, fish, reptiles and invertebrates were collected for residue analysis during systematic searches or as nontarget mortalities. Brodifacoum residues (the toxicant employed during the project) were detected in most (84.3%) of the samples analyzed with unknown long-term and sublethal effects.[20][21]

Limited visits to the refuge are allowed, including by private recreational sailboat or motorboat. Visits must have prior approval, with access to Cooper Island arranged through the Nature Conservancy.[22]

THE SEA WIND MURDERS

In 1974, Palmyra was the site of the double murder of a wealthy San Diego couple, Malcolm "Mac" Graham and his wife, Eleanor "Muff" Graham.[23] The mysterious deaths, murder conviction of Duane (“Buck”) Walker (aka Wesley G. Walker) and acquittal of his girlfriend, Stephanie Stearns, made headlines nationwide and led to a best-selling account written by Stearns's defense attorney, Vincent Bugliosi, and Bruce B. Henderson in the true crime book And the Sea Will Tell. The book led to a CBS television miniseries by the same name starring James Brolin, Rachel Ward and Hart Bochner. The story was also depicted in The FBI Files.

Walker and Stearns were arrested in Honolulu in 1974 after returning from Palmyra aboard the Sea Wind, a yacht stolen from the Grahams. Because no bodies were found at the time, Walker and Stearns were convicted only for the yacht theft in August 1975. Six years later, a partially buried corroded chest was found in a lagoon at Palmyra, containing Eleanor Graham's remains. Walker and Stearns were arrested in Arizona for murder. Walker was convicted in 1985. Stearns was acquitted in 1986. Walker served 22 years in the United States Penitentiary, Victorville, California before receiving parole in 2007. Walker died on April 26, 2010.

SEE ALSO

• List of Guano Island claims

REFERENCES

EXTERNAL LINKS

• Palmyra atoll
• Palmyra Island
• Palmyra Atoll NWR
• The Curse of Palmyra Island – article
• The Curse of Palmyra Island – free eBook
• The Nature Conservancy in Palmyra Atoll
• Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium
• United States v. Fullard-Leo (Supreme Court opinion; includes a history of the island's ownership)
• WorldStatesmen- U.S.
• History of Palmyra Atoll
• The Palmyra Gazette

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GERRIT P. JUDD

 

GERRIT P. JUDD

Gerrit Parmele Judd
Born	April 23, 1803 Paris, New York
Died	July 12, 1873 (aged 70) Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii
Resting place	Oahu Cemetery
Nationality	United States
Occupation	Missionary, Physician, Politician
Spouse(s)	Laura Fish
Children	Gerrit Parmele II, Elizabeth Kinaʻu, Helen Seymour, Charles Hastings, Laura Fish, Albert Francis, Alan Wilkes, Sybil Augusta, Juliet Isabelle
Parents	Elnathan Judd Betsey Hastings

Gerrit Parmele Judd (1803–1873) was an American physician and missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii who later became a trusted advisor and cabinet minister to King Kamehameha III.

CONTENTS

• 1 Life
• 2 Work
• 3 Legacy
• 4 Publications
• 5 References
• 6 Further reading
• 7 External links

LIFE

Judd was born April 23, 1803 inParis, Oneida County, New York, the son of Elnathan Judd and his wife Betsey Hastings. On his mother's side, he was descended from Thomas Hastings, who came from the East Anglian area of England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634.

He was educated as a physician at the medical college in Fairfield, New York. He married Laura Fish (1804–1872) on September 20, 1827 in Clinton, Oneida County, New York. The couple sailed toHawaii (then known as the 'Sandwich Islands') that same year, on the ship Parthian, the third company from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.[1] He was assigned to the mission atHonolulu on the island of Oahu, as a missionary physician, and continued in that employment fifteen years.[2]

WORK

In 1842 he resigned from the mission and became an advisor and translator to King Kamehameha III. He also became involved in the civil concerns of the islands, and was the King’s Minister of Foreign Affairs from November 1843 to March 1845, Minister of Interior from March 1845 to February 1846, Minister of Finance from April 1846 to September 1853, and in the House of Representatives from 1858 to 1859.[3]He was commissioned in 1849 as Minister Plenipotentiary to England, France and the United States.

He was one of the founders of the Punahou School for children of the missionaries in 1841. He founded Hawaii's first medical school in 1870, and was the author of one of the first medical texts written in Hawaiian, Anatomia : he palapala ia e hoike ai i ke ano o ko ke kanaka kino, in 1838.

Judd died July 12, 1873 in Honolulu and was buried in the Oahu Cemetery.

LEGACY

They had nine children:[4]

1. Gerrit Parmele II born March 8, 1829, died November 13, 1839, buried in Oahu Cemetery.
2. Elizabeth Kinaʻu born July 5, 1831 died August 9, 1918. Married September 29, 1857 toSamuel Gardner Wilder (1831–1888) from Leominster, Massachusetts, six children.
3. Helen Seymour born August 27, 1833 and died April 2, 1911.
4. Charles Hastings born September 8, 1835 (twin) died April 18, 1890. Married November 1, 1859 to Emily Catherine Cutts (1840–1921), four children. Worked in the Guano and farming businesses, and held several posts in the Kingdom.[5]
5. Laura Fish born September 8, 1835 (twin) died November 22, 1888 at San Francisco, California. Married February 22, 1861 to Joshua Gill Dickson (1830–1880), four children.
6. Albert Francis born January 7, 1838 died May 20, 1900. Married April 4, 1872 to Agnes Hall Boyd (1844–?) nine children. Last child Lawrence M. Judd became Governor of theTerritory of Hawaii in 1929–1934.[6]
7. Alan Wilkes born April 20, 1840 and died March 26, 1875.
8. Sybil Augusta born March 16, 1843 and died September 10, 1906. Married February 27, 1862 to Henry Alpheus Peirce Carter (1837–1891), seven children. Son Charles Lunt was a member of the Committee of Safety, and son George Robert was Governor of theTerritory of Hawaii (1903–1907).
9. Juliet Isabelle born March 28, 1846 and died June 27, 1857.

Judd's life was the basis of the novel The White King. A biography, Dr. Judd, Hawaii’s Friend[7] which was written by his great-grandson Gerrit P. Judd IV (1915–1971) and published in 1960.[8] His papers were kept under restricted access at the Bishop Museum until his great-grandson Albert Francis Judd III died in 2006.[9]

References:

This is Dr. Matthew Craven's Take on International Law perspective on the Hawaiian Islands in 2004:

http://www2.hawaii.edu/~hslp/journal/vol1/Craven_Opinion_(HJLP).pdf

This is Professor Williamson Chang's take on Palmyra Island in his recent article:

  “Darkness over Hawaii: Annexation Myth Greatest Obstacle to Progress,” Copyright 2015 Professor Williamson B.C. Chang, University of Hawaii at Manoa April 23, 2015 This Article Has been Accepted for Publication by the Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal - University of Hawaii for Volume 16, Spring 2015, If citing Please make the Appropriate Attribution or Citation to that Journal, Page 1 Darkness over Hawaii: Annexation Myth Greatest Obstacle to Progress Williamson Chang, Professor of Law, University of Hawaii at Manoa, William S. Richardson School of Law Copyright 2015

Reference:  http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/35795/D...

Kanaka Express: A Visit with Professor Williamson Chang ...

hawaiiankingdom.org/.../kanaka-express-a-visit-with-professor-williamso...

Jul 3, 2014 - Professor Williamson Chang visits Kanaka Express and explains the Organic Act to the Lahui. ..... Hawaii on the date of enactment of this Act, except theatoll known as Palmyra Island, .... In any case, the issue deserves a vote.

Testimony of Professor Williamson Chang in Opposition to ...

sacredmaunakea.com/.../testimony-of-professor-williamson-chang-in-op...

Jul 10, 2015 - [Professor Chang is speaking in an individual capacity. ... of this Rule, as in the case of other rules will be punished by criminal penalties. ... Hawaii on the date of enactment of this Act, except the atoll known as Palmyra Island,  ...

[PDF]Testimony of Williamson Chang Professor of Law University ...

https://www.whitehouse.gov/.../a8164fdba223460088c5d8d...

White House

Sep 29, 2009 - Testimony of Williamson Chang “Native Hawaiian Trusteeship over the. Northwestern Hawaiian .... Islands [Palmyra] have a nexus to the Kingdom of Hawaii,.... least in cases where if damage were to a sovereign state, the  ...

[PDF]Darkness over Hawaii: Annexation Myth Greatest Obstacle ...

scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/.../Darkness-23Apr2015.pdf?...

by WBC Chang - ‎2015 - ‎Related articles

Apr 23, 2015 - Williamson Chang, Professor of Law, University of Hawaii at Manoa, William S. ... sovereignty and jurisdiction over the Hawaiian Islands as territory of America. .... and the public lands case changed forever the life of Native Hawaiians....... of this Act, except the atoll known as Palmyra Island, together with its  ...

REASONS WHY ANYONE CAN DOCUMENT/PRESS ...

maoliworld.ning.com/forum/topics/reasons-why-anyone-can

Jun 24, 2011 - 5 posts - ‎2 authors

Professor Williamson Jefferson Chang's expertise, documentation from the Halawa Court Case: ... waters, included in the Territory of Hawaii, except the atoll known asPalmyra Island, together with .... Read through quickly, BC Chang and future others can try as they may, the natural court should prevail too!

The Hawaiian Islands ARE NOT Part of the United States...

www.opednews.com/.../The-Hawaiian-Islands-ARE-N-by-Amelia-Gora-...

Jun 27, 2011 - Professor Williamson Chang under penalty of perjury stated the following: ... United States District court for the District of Columbia that relates to thiscase. ... in the Territory of Hawaii, except the atoll known as Palmyra Island,  ...

Lā 144: Mauna Kea: Supreme Court Will Ignore the ...

https://maunaawakea.com/.../la-144-mauna-kea-supreme-court-will-igno...

Aug 16, 2015 - August 16, 2015 Williamson Chang, Professor of Law [In his own capacity] ... date of enactment of this Act, except the atoll known as Palmyra Island,... This was true of the hearings officer in the contested case hearing, of the  ...

Hawaii Supreme Court Hears Mauna Kea Telescope Case ...

www.nytimes.com/.../08/.../ap-us-giant-telescope.html

The New York Times

Aug 27, 2015 - Hawaii's Supreme Court heard oral arguments in a case involving building ... the telescope to be built on conservation land on Hawaii's Big Island. ...Williamson Chang, a law professor at the University of Hawaii who works  ...

Missing: palmyra

VIDEO: Case Against Kale Gumapac Dismissed - Big Island ...

www.bigislandvideonews.com/.../video-case-kale-gumapac-dismissed/

Jul 29, 2014 - Big Island Video News covered the case in a five part series called ...call Dr. Keanu Sai and Professor Williamson Chang as expert witnesses.

Missing: palmyra

US may pursue relationship with Native Hawaiians

www.staradvertiser.com › News › Breaking

Honolulu Star‑Advertiser

May 28, 2014 - ... tribes, said Williamson Chang, law professor at University of Hawaii. ... and the U.S. has full say as to what it can and cannot do," Chang said.

http://maoliworld.ning.com/forum/topics/exposing-some-of-the-highli...

theiolani.blogspot.com

http://myweb.ecomplanet.com/GORA8037

*********************************

Note:

Dr, Gerritt Parmele Judd was treasonous as can be seen through his actions.

As a Hawaiian subject, could he legally annex an Island to a foreign nation.

According to the  1849/50 Treaty, the Nation should have delivered Judd as a Pirate, Pillager, etc. but instead the U.S. claimed Palmyra as theirs.

Informing many because..............

  

Something STINKS...............(.and I know it's NOT ME) WICKED TO THE MAX!

aloha.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGKx2LNbF5M

Sudden Rush- Messenjah's (Feat.Amy Hanaialii Gilom)  

Sudden Rush- Messenjah's (Feat.Amy Hanaialii Gilom)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxVaIEaVioE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzcv5TJkJBA  Fifteen Men (Bottle of Rum)

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Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 25, 2015 at 11:15am

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Palmyra Island: Another Achilles Tendon of the U.S.A. or ...

maoliworld.ning.com/.../palmyra-island-another-achilles-tendon-of-the-u...

Sep 14, 2015 - Overview by Amelia Gora (2015) ... In 1859, Palmyra Islands was annexed to the U.S. by Dr. J.P./G.P. Judd who was an agent to ... The following articleshows some of the history of Palmyra, and read the views of Dr. Craven, ...

The Hawaiian Islands ARE NOT Part of the United States...

www.opednews.com/.../The-Hawaiian-Islands-ARE-N-by-Amelia-Gora-...

Jun 27, 2011 - Amelia Gora to president , comments , mayor , mayor , mayor , mayor ... See attached articles about GMO/Genetic Modification Organisms; cell phones; ..... in the Territory of Hawaii, except the atoll known as Palmyra Island, ...

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Diary: The Royal Families In The Hawaiian Islands and the ...

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Jan 17, 2012 - Scott Baker Ad ... By Amelia Gora (about the author) Permalink Related Topic(s): Activist; ... Charles Reed Bishop came to the Hawaiian Islands with his lover William Lee. .... 1882 - Article in the FRIEND, January 1:.

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PIRATES IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS - MORE EVIDENCE....

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Jul 6, 2011 - Scott Baker Ad .... For the public records, I, Amelia Gora am the Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs, Royal Families House of .... See article "Arrests for Treason in Hawaii" in THE NEW YORK TIMES, published June 1, 1892.

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Keep for the Records with other articles - Amelia Gora ...

amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2011/.../keep-for-records-with-other-articles.h...

Jan 16, 2011 - Print this article and the references below as evidence, etc. ...... SeePalmyra Island Courtcase testimony by University of Hawaii at Manoa Law ...

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The Royal Families in the Hawaiian Islands by Amelia Gora ...

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Feb 1, 2015 - The Royal Families in the Hawaiian Islands by Amelia Gora (2015) ... Posted by Amelia Gora on January 23, 2015 at 5:53pm in Politics ..... See previousarticle: Genealogies – Kalaniopuu's, Kamehameha's, Kaumualii's, King ...

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Kings and Queens of Hawaii: Pretenders/Impersonators ...

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May 17, 2015 - off the internet - fyi from Amelia Gora (2015) .... Article VII of the Constitution declares, “The Ratification of the Conventions of nine ..... included in the Territory of Hawaii, except the atoll known as Palmyra Island, together with ...

News from the Hawaiian Kingdom: Judicial Tribunal ...

hawaiiankingdomnews.blogspot.com/.../judicial-tribunal-evidence-alexa...

Feb 19, 2015 - 1874 - Sanford B. Dole wrote the article "Thirty Days of Hawaiian History" ... The Fullard-Leos bought Palmyra Island which was used by the US ... 2015 - I, Amelia Gora, documented the facts that Kamehameha did have 19+ ...

cia-data-all.csv - Google Fusion Tables

https://www.google.com/fusiontables/DataSource?docid...

Google

... in Article 76 paragraph 8 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ...... United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges, 0.0, 2008, Baker Island: 0 13 N ... aviatrix Amelia EARHART disappeared while seeking out Howland Island as a ...... Komenda Koper-Capodistria* Kostel Kozje Kranj* Kranjska Gora Krizevci ...

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Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 25, 2015 at 2:19pm

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RELENTLESS BEATING OF A DEAD HORSE - including Palmyra, Hawaiian Islands and "Vox" talking about "Michelle Malkin is an ignorant media whore with risible intellectual pretensions. To the best of my knowledge, she has never come out and admitted that she was wrong, nor has she publicly disavowed the ridiculous argument she presented in her book In Defense of Internment: The Case for Racial Profiling in World War II and the War on Terror."

from  http://voxday.blogspot.de/2014_02_23_archive.html

Dead Horse: the conclusive beating

Longtime Ilk will recall that once upon a time, in 2004, a lengthy debate was inspired by a book written by Me-So-Michelle that insisted the WWII-era internment of Japanese-Americans was justified on the basis of legitimate military fears of an invasion of America's West Coast in early 1942. I took extreme exception to that ludicrous attempt to justify internment, knowing that the argument was complete nonsense, and demonstrated that Malkin hadn't done even a modicum of military research given her incorrect count of US carriers and inability to correctly interpret the significance of US carrier movements in early 1942.

This did not prevent a number of Malkin fans from attempting to defend the woman, mostly on the sophisticated grounds of "yeah, but, how can you REALLY know, for, like, you know, sure?"

As it happens, the recently released gray book of Admiral Chester Nimitz,published by the American Naval Records Society, not only makes for fascinating reading, but conclusively settles the matter of the US military's historical concerns regarding a potential invasion of the American West Coast in 1942. These are the verbatim words of the US Navy's assessment of the situation in January 1942, quoted from Volume 1 of the briefings for the USN Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT). There is considerably more information than this available, but I have only transcribed that which is directly relevant to the subject at hand.

January 8, 1942
EMPLOYMENT OF CARRIER TASK FORCES IN JANUARY

ENEMY SITUATION
From the best intelligence we have, it appears that:

1. The Far East offensives are occupying practically all of the amphibious forces of the enemy plus 3 or 4 carriers, 2 BB's, about 13 cruisers, about one-third of his destroyers, some submarines and many auxiliary types. How long these forces will be needed in the Far East is problematical but it is believed that the end of January will see them there.
2. Since the raid on the 7th, all First Fleet units and carriers have apparently remained west of the Eastern Marshalls.
3. Carrier groups are being refitted or exchanged.

ENEMY INTENTION

In other estimates the enemy's intentions in general order of priority have been deduced as follows:

a) The prosecution of the offensives in the Far East until all of Malaya, Philippines and NEI have been captured. In this will probably be included Rangoon.
b) Consolidation of this territory.
c) Advance upon Australia.

    While these are going on:

d) Continued submarine raids on our forces and communications, minor attacks against outlying islands and Alaska.
e) Cruiser raids against the routes to Australia, and possibly to the Mainland.
f) Capture Samoa.
g) Capture Canton. [Canton Island (Kiribati)]
i) Capture Java.
J) Attack with strong forces, including carriers, for demolition Johnston, Palmyra, Midway.
k) Sweeps in force along our communications to outlying islands; along our route to Mainland.
l) Carrier raids on West Coast.
m) Attacks for capture of Midway, Palmyra; main Hawaiian Islands; Oahu.

One of the basic questions facing us is: Is the close cover of Oahu necessary at this time? Taking in combination the present state of its defenses and our deductions as to enemy intentions, the answer is "no".

In other words, the admiral commanding all the US military forces in the Pacific had absolutely no fear of a West Coast invasion, knew perfectly well that the limited Japanese transport capacity was committed elsewhere, and even went so far to conclude that the risk of a Hawaiian invasion was so low that it was not necessary to closely defend Hawaii, let alone California. Not only were Japanese naval forces fully engaged in the Far East, but their anticipated next move was in precisely the opposite direction from the West Coast!

As for the prospective carrier raids, I addressed the logistical aspects of themback in 2004 and showed that no amount of carrier raids could have even slowed down the American production of war materials, much less "cripple the war effort", as evidenced by the INCREASE in German manufacture under heavier and more regular bombing than the sort permitted by carrier raids. 

The lesson, as before, is this: Michelle Malkin is an ignorant media whore with risible intellectual pretensions. To the best of my knowledge, she has never come out and admitted that she was wrong, nor has she publicly disavowed the ridiculous argument she presented in her book In Defense of Internment: The Case for Racial Profiling in World War II and the War on Terror.

Labels: history, war

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Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 25, 2015 at 2:26pm

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The Curse of Palmyra Island - Labyrinth13

labyrinth13.com/eBook-COPI.pdf

murder that took place on Palmyra Island, an isolated, South Pacific ... murder case...... evidence at the subsequent trial for murder showed that Mac and Muff.

You visited this page on 9/25/15.

Federal Courts: Cases and Materials on Judicial Federalism ...

https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1630447684

Arthur D. Hellman, ‎Lauren K. Robel, ‎David R. Stras - 2014 - ‎Law

Court for the Thomasville Division shall beheldat Thomasville. ... Reef, Palmyra Island, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island,Canton Island, andEnderbury  ...

United States Code, 2006

https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0160800242

Congress - 2009 - ‎Business & Economics

"(4) Section 47(c) of the Alaska Omnibus Act (Public Law 86-70) is repealed. "Sec. ...In the case of Palmyra Island, such person or persons may confer upon the  ...

AN UNLIKELY SETTING FOR UNUSUAL EVENTS ...

www.nytimes.com/.../an-unlikely-setting-for-unusu...

The New York Times

Jan 11, 1982 - The atoll had figured in a murder case involving piracy of a yacht, celestial ... 10, they beached their crippled 45-foot trimaran on Palmyra when the ves ...The case went to five different courts, including the Supreme Court, and  ...

U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution

www.gpo.gov/.../GAOREPO...

United States Government Publishing Office

Several court decisions during the last 6 years have addressed the .... Palmyra Atollis privately owned, but is also administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of  ...

Hawaiian Reports: Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=vskDAAAAYAAJ

Hawaii. Supreme Court - 1914 - ‎Law reports, digests, etc

Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii Hawaii. ... HENRY E. COOPER TO REGISTER AND CONFIRM HIS TITLE TO PALMYRA ISLAND.

Hawaii Reports: Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=Cp40AQAAMAAJ

1914 - ‎Law reports, digests, etc

Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Hawaii ... OF HENRY E. COOPER TO REGISTER AND CONFIRM HIS TITLE TO PALMYRA ISLAND.

united states - If a baby was born on the Palmyra Atoll, does ...

politics.stackexchange.com/.../if-a-baby-was-born-on-the-palmyra-atoll-...

Jul 16, 2014 - For reference, the Palmyra Atoll island is an unorganized ... U.S. Territory (under the doctrine of the Supreme Court's "Insular Cases" decided  ...

Islands and the Law: An Interview with Christina Duffy Burnett

www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/38/najafi_burnett.php

Cabinet

The Guano Islands Act of 1856 arguably laid the legal groundwork for American .... and legally anomalous island—or, in this case, archipelago—called Palmyra.

[PDF]here. - U.S. Court Of Federal Claims

https://ecf.cofc.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/show_public_doc?2006cv0828...0

Jun 30, 2014 - The Fullard-Leo family is also the former owner of Palmyra Atoll (or ...Kingman Reef was related to the above captioned case, the findings of  ...

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Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 25, 2015 at 2:44pm

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1922 - Lorrin Thurston annexes Palmyra Island and Kingman Island for the United States:

In 1922, Lorrin A. Thurston, agent of the Fullard-Leo family, KRAI’s predecessorin-interest, claimed to have annexed Kingman Reef to the sovereignty of the United States and claimed legal ownership of Kingman Reef for the Island of Palmyra Copra Company (Copra Co.), a corporation under the laws of the then Territory of Hawaii, of which Leslie Fullard-Leo was President and Ellen-Fullard Leo was Secretary. At an April 28, 1922 board meeting for the Copra Co., “[i]t was reported that a plan was on foot to claim Kingman’s Reef, [as it was] still believed that this Reef could be of inestimable value to [the] Company and should be claimed for the Company either on the out or homeward voyage of the Palmyra5 during her next trip.” On May 3, 1922, the Copra Co.’s Board instructed and commissioned Mr. Thurston, as its agent, to “take deposits, including brief histories and data regarding their respective discoverers. See id. at 569. The data was compiled from information collected at the Department of State and elsewhere. See id. It included “islands that have not been, as well as those that have been, considered as appertaining to the United States.” Notably, the data neither references Kingman Reef nor its alias Dangers Rock and, therefore, does not provide information regarding the alleged discoverer of the supposed guano deposits said to be found on the island. See id. at 569-80. 5 By 1922, Leslie and Ellen Fullard-Leo had purchased all but two of the approximately fifty islets comprising Palmyra Island. Leslie and Ellen Fullard-Leo formed the Island of Palmyra Copra Company to harvest copra on the island, but, when copra prices dropped after World War I, the company shifted its focus to commercial fishing. 10 formal possession” of Kingman Reef “on behalf of the United States of America, and claim the same for this Company [Copra Co.].” In that commission, the Copra Co. asserted that Kingman Reef had hitherto not “been claimed by any other government or people.” On May 10, 1922, Mr. Thurston landed on Kingman Reef, allegedly annexing the atoll, its reefs and lagoon to the United States and claiming ownership of the property for the Copra Co. Mr. Thurston and five companions read aloud and signed a formal certificate of possession/annexation, which states: BE IT KNOWN TO ALL PEOPLE – that on the Tenth day of May A.D. 1922, the undersigned, agent of the ISLAND OF PALMYRA COPRA CO., LTD. (an Hawaiian Corporation), landed from the motor-ship “Palmyra” doth . . . take formal possession of this Island called “Kingman’s Reef” . . . on behalf of the United States of America, and claim the same for said Company. The party built a cairn of coral slabs about four feet high and flew an American flag from a pole supported by the cairn. The formal certificate of possession, the flag, and a copy of two Hawaiian newspapers, The Honolulu Advertiser and The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, dated May 3, 1922, were placed in a glass jar that was deposited in the base of the coral cairn. Plaintiff alleges that the annexation procedure was intended to, and did, vest fee title ownership to Kingman Reef in the Copra Co., which annexed Kingman Reef to the United States solely for the purpose of extending United States sovereignty over the island. Plaintiff alleges that the annexation was neither intended to, nor actually vested, title in the defendant. In support of this argument, plaintiff points to the certificate of annexation/possession signed by Mr. Thurston, which expressly stated that he claimed Kingman Reef as property of the Copra Co. One month after Mr. Thurston’s alleged annexation, in June 1922, the United States Navy Hydrographic Office acknowledged receiving a copy of an article from The Honolulu Advertiser “giving an account of the party taking possession of Kingman’s Reef on May 10, 1922, in the name of the United States.” A few days later, on May 13, 1922, Mr. Thurston wrote a letter to Ellen FullardLeo, in which he confirmed that he had claimed fee title ownership to Kingman Reef for the Copra Co. Further, in accordance with alleged instructions from Mr. Huber, whom Mr. Thurston identified as the “United States Attorney General” for the Territory of Hawaii,6 Mr. Thurston instructed Ellen Fullard-Leo to file the title claim with the Department of State in Washington, D.C. Subsequently, on July 15, 1922, Ellen Fullard-Leo, in her capacity as Secretary-Treasurer of the Copra Co., sent a letter to the 6 In a 1936 Letter to the Editor of The Honolulu Advertiser, Leslie and Ellen Fullard-Leo indicated that the Copra Co. consulted Mr. Huber “as to the formalities required to annex land for the United States” prior to commissioning Mr. Thurston to travel to Kingman Reef. 11 Secretary of State, Charles E. Hughes, in which she advised him that the Copra Co. had annexed on May 10, 1922, in the name of the United States of America, and for [the Copra Co.’s] own use, an atoll island charted as “Kingman’s Reef” but never before claimed. . . . According to the United States Attorney here, this notification is all that is necessary in addition to listing the same in our local tax returns, as the Palmyra Islands are a part of the county of Honolulu. Hoping that this is sufficient evidence that the same will be recorded and due credit given this Company and Territory. . . . Ellen Fullard-Leo also enclosed a copy of the certificate of possession/annexation, a report by Mr. Thurston, and newspaper reports covering the annexation and acquisition of Kingman Reef. Moreover, from 1922 until 1959, as per Mr. Huber’s alleged instructions, the Fullard-Leo family paid real property taxes to the Territory of Hawaii for both Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef on the same tax key. After Hawaii received statehood in 1959, Hawaii state taxes were not levied because Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef were not incorporated as a part of the lands of the State of Hawaii. In an April 30, 1998 memorandum on Palmyra Ownership Tidelands, Suzanne Case of TNC, included Section G, titled, “Does Kingman Reef belong to the Fullard-Leos?” and stated that “[t]he Fullard-Leos paid Hawai’i [sic] property taxes on Kingman Reef until 1959.” On August 14, 1922, the Copra Co.’s Board, by unanimous resolution, conveyed its interest in Kingman Reef to Ellen Fullard-Leo for the nominal consideration of one dollar and sundry unsecured loans.7 Subsequently, on August 24, 1922, Ellen FullardLeo sent a follow-up letter to the Secretary of State, inquiring as to whether her July 15, 1922 letter had been received. On September 28, 1922, the Department of State acknowledged receipt of July 15 and August 24, 1922 letters and enclosures regarding the Copra Co.’s alleged annexation and ownership of Kingman Reef. In its response, although the Department of State neither disputed the Copra Co.’s claim to ownership of Kingman Reef, nor asserted that the United States owned the atoll, the letter did not explicitly recognize fee title ownership in the Fullard-Leo family. Defendant currently alleges that the Department of State did not dispute the Copra Co.’s 1922 “claim” to fee title ownership of Kingman Reef because it was not legally obligated to do so. Internal documents show that the Department of State initially assumed that Ellen Fullard-Leo’s letter was “intended as a notice of discovery under the Guano Acts.” The Department of State’s Solicitor concluded that the letter “was not a guano island or a new discovery.” 7 By mesne conveyances from Ellen Fullard-Leo, title to Kingman Reef was allegedly held collectively in trust by brothers Leslie Vincent, Ainsley, and Dudley Fullard-Leo, children of Leslie and Ellen Fullard-Leo. Plaintiff alleges that the Fullard-Leo family owned and held title to Kingman Reef from 1922 to November 17, 2000, when the trustee-brothers transferred title to KRAI, the family’s limited liability company. On November 17, 2000, title to Kingman Reef was conveyed by the Fullard-Leo family to KRAI by way of a quitclaim deed filed and recorded in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii. 12 The Department’s Division of Political and Economic Information communicated to the Solicitor: Although it [Kingman Reef] is shown on various charts, and its existence is thus known, its unimportance is evidenced by the fact that no reference is made to it in the gazetteers or in various books dealing with the Pacific Islands. I understand that most of the rocks are covered with water at high tide. It is, of course, uninhabited, and is not believed to have resources of material value. I further find no reference as to its political status. It may be assumed that it has not sufficient value ever to have been claimed by any of the powers. Seeking more information about Kingman Reef, in November 1922, the Chief of Naval Operations directed in an internal memo that any crafts or vessels in the vicinity of Palmyra Island and Kingman Reef “conduct investigation with a view to determining the potentialities of these places.” In November 1924, W.G. Anderson and others visited Kingman Reef, where they inspected the bottle deposited by Mr. Thurston in 1922 and left their own record in the cairn. On June 22, 1925, Mr. Thurston wrote a letter to Admiral R.E. Coontz, U.S.N., in which he suggested that the United States Navy secure both Palmyra and Kingman Reef for “refreshment and supply stations both for naval ships and flying boats” and noted that Kingman Reef together with Palmyra “passed, by purchase, into the ownership of Mrs. E. Fullard-Leo, an American citizen, of Honolulu.” In that letter, Mr. Thurston wrote that he had “sailed direct from Honoluly [sic] to Kingman’s [sic] landed and annexed the Island, in the name of the Palmyra Co., an American Company, in accordance with the terms of American law.” Mr. Thurston further wrote: “Upon my return to Honolulu in 1922, seven weeks after the annexation incident above-referred to, I found that the existence of the Island which I had reported, was questioned at Washington. . . .” Following his assertion that he did, in fact, discover an island called Kingman Reef, Mr. Thurston suggested that the Navy should “secure for its files, definite data concerning both the Palmyras and Kingman’s [sic], both as to present conditions and a rough estimate of the cost for making both places available as refreshment and supply stations, both for naval ships and flying boats.” Defendant, on the other hand, points to a statement of John L. Padgett, First Mate on the 1922 voyage to Kingman Reef, that the United States holds title to Kingman Reef under the Guano Acts. In a May 1937 article, Seaman Padgett indicated that it was the position of the United States government in general, and the Navy in particular, that Kingman Reef did not exist. In the article, Seaman Padgett stated: In 1921, the Sailing Directions for the North Pacific Islands gave the correct position [for Kingman Reef] but then noted – “Existence Doubtful.” This Federal Government printed book in one breadth warned all ships to 13 avoid the spot and in the next told the wandering seamen not to be surprised if they did not find it. Since no one was sure it was there no one claimed it. . . . On my return to Honolulu I was called before Rear-Admiral Edward Simpson8 and staff. They still seemed to believe the Sailing Directions “Existence Doubtful” but after a morning of questions let me go back to my drawing board. Shortly after this the U.S. Navy sent a Mine Sweeper down which found Kingman Reef and that made it official. A July 29, 1926 Memorandum, in response to a request for further information on Kingman Reef, the Navy’s Hydrographic Office relayed to the Chief of Naval Operations “the complete information on file in this Office concerning Kingman’s Reef.” The last paragraph of the July 29, 1926 Memorandum states: “Hydrographic Office Chart No. 1262a, which shows the various island possessions and mandates in the Pacific and which was constructed after receiving advice from the State Department, clearly shows that this island or reef is United States territory.” A year later, in June 1926, Mr. Thurston revisited Kingman Reef as a guest on the Navy’s U.S.S. Whippoorwill, under the command of Lieutenant Poland, U.S.N. Lt. Poland's report provided a detailed description of Kingman Reef, finding that it had potential value as a military base and recommending additional surveying. During this visit, Mr. Thurston examined the record, jar and flag that he had left on Kingman Reef in 1922. In order to protect the flags and records from disintegration, as the bottle top was rusted and cork partially rotted, Mr. Thurston removed both the 1922 and 1924 records. By way of a July 9, 1926 letter, Mr. Thurston deposited these items with the Archives Commission of the Territory of Hawaii, located in Honolulu. Captain Poland signed a certificate evidencing Mr. Thurston’s removal of the 1922 and 1924 reports, which had been enclosed in a bottle and left in the cairn on Kingman Reef. A copy of Captain Poland’s certificate also was deposited with the Archives Commission. Further, Mr. Thurston stated in his July 9, 1926 letter that he “understand[s] the present owner of said Kingman Island to the Mrs. E. Fullard[-]Leo of Honolulu, the successor of said Palmyra Company, Limited.” In response, on July 24, 1926, the Archives Commission acknowledged receipt of “two glass containers – a fruit jar and beer bottle – received from” Mr. Thurston. The response further stated that “both containers are deposited with the Archives of Hawaii commission, as objects of record, relative to the formal annexation of Kingman’s Reef (Island) [sic] to the United States of America.” Moreover, the commission stated that the jars and their contents “form an official part of our Archives of Hawaii[, but are] ‘subject to the order of the owner of said Kingman Island, or of the United States Government.’” Referencing Mr. Thurston’s letter, the Archives Commission also acknowledged Mrs. Ellen Fullard-Leo as the owner of Kingman Reef  

Note:  the evidence of the claim of 1922 was left in a bottle sitting on the island and retrieved for records at the Archives, Honolulu, Oahu.

Also note that it was the Fullard Leo's who purchased the Waikiki properties belonging to Queen Liliuokalani which was conveyed as an out-of-court settlement to Kawananakoa because Queen Liliuokalani documented that she did NOT sign a Trust deed with Damon, Iaukea, et. als.

The Fullard Leo's were also the owners of E.E. Black according to an informant - research incomplete.

Owner's devotion to Palmyra credited with atoll's preservation

archives.starbulletin.com/.../20081113_Owners_devotion_to_Palmyra_c...

Nov 13, 2008 - Ainsley Fullard-Leo and his two brothers had a vision for their family-owned Palmyra Atoll that left the pristine tropical environment as a legacy  ...

 

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Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 25, 2015 at 2:45pm

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Palmyra Atoll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll

Wikipedia

After the war, the Fullard-Leo family sued for the return of the ownership of Palmyra Atoll. The case went all the way up to the Supreme Court. The family won its  ...

‎Geography - ‎Political status - ‎History - ‎National Wildlife Refuge

Search Results for "Fullard-Leo" - Pacific Business News

www.bizjournals.com/.../search?...Fullard-...

South Florida Business Journal

said Marcus Fullard-Leo, principal broker of Village Realty Inc., whose family owned the center. “It was tough for the family to part with it.” Fullard-Leo told PBN  ...

Marcus Fullard-Leo | LinkedIn

https://www.linkedin.com/pub/marcus-fullard-leo/b/292/522

Portland, Oregon Area - ‎Real Estate and Business Investor and the Chief Executive Officer of F-L Management, Inc.

View Marcus Fullard-Leo's professional profile on LinkedIn. ... asset of any business and it is the corporate culture I try to inspire within our family of companies.

Ainsley Fullard-Leo Obituary - Camas, Washington

www.obitsforlife.com/obituary/214046/Fullard-Leo-Ainsley.php

Ainsley Allen Kahealani Fullard-Leo died October 21, 2008, a day before his 77th ... A true family man, of all his life accomplishments he was proudest of his two  ...

AN UNLIKELY SETTING FOR UNUSUAL EVENTS ...

www.nytimes.com/.../an-unlikely-setting-for-unusu...

The New York Times

Jan 11, 1982 - It took 13 years for the Fullard-Leo family to defeat the Navy in a legal battle that began in 1938 over compensation for use of the property.

Palmyra Atoll @ nationalgeographic.com

ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0103/feature2/

National Geographic

Three Fullard-Leo brothers kept that title until a few months ago. The youngest ... Hisfamily had gotten all kinds of proposals to buy the atoll, he said. People  ...

UNITED STATES v. FULLARD-LEO | FindLaw

caselaw.findlaw.com › Caselaw › United States › US Supreme Court

Fullard-Leo, D.C., 66 F.Supp. ... Fullard- Leo, 9 Cir., 133 F.2d 743. .... An Igorot chieftain sought to register his land in Benguet Province, long held by his family.

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The Nature Conservancy in Palmyra Atoll - History | The ...

www.nature.org/.../the-nature-conservancy-in-p...

The Nature Conservancy

The Fullard-Leo family bought the atoll from a Honolulu judge in 1922, and the U.S. Navy used it as an air refueling station during World War II. When Hawai'i  ...

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Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 25, 2015 at 2:55pm

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• ▶ Reply

Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on September 25, 2015 at 3:32pm

Delete

   

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFtjFmM1iw8  

Wolves of the Sea - Pirates of the Sea (+Lyrics)

REVIEW OF THE OWNERSHIP OF PALMYRA ISLAND

                                                        Overview by Amelia Gora (2015)

The Hawaiian archipelago is made up of 133 Islands.

In 1850, a Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States of America was engaged in.  It is only between the heirs and successors of Kauikeaouli/Kamehameha III and the U.S.A. President.

In 1859 a claim was made by Dr. Gerritt Parmele Judd that while working for a guano/bird shit company, because he was a genocide activist in the Hawaiian Islands and stripped of his authorities, etc. he worked for the guano collectors.

No actual records were found regarding Judd's claim to date.

In 1862, Alexander Liholiho/Kamehameha IV commissioned ship captains Bent and Wilkinson to claim the Island for him.

The two captains claimed it for themselves and Bent deeded to Wilkinson and so forth.

Meanwhile, Palmyra belonged to the Kamehameha IV - Alexander Liholiho.

1863 - Alexander Liholiho /Kamehameha IV died, his estate belonged to the Kamehameha's.

1871 -  The United States of America became bankrupt and Congressmen with the President signed an unauthorized, illegal Constitution benefitting the bankers....which usurped the American people.

but, wait the 1850 Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States of America continued to maintain the U.S. Constitution since 1850 and remains a perpetual peace and amity treaty with the rights to prosecute pirates, pillagers, etc.

1893 - Queen Liliuokalani was wrongfully dethroned.

1897 - Opposition to Annexation occurred with 40,000 supporters of Queen Liliuokalani opposing the U.S. and their support of pirates, pillagers, frauds, conspirators.

1898 -  there was a claimed Annexation but totally illegal activity meant to fool everyone in the World.

1899 - the United States of America turned into two (2) government:  1)  United States - allowing treaties; 2) American Empire - operated with territories, and unrecognized land masses.

In 1922, Lorrin Thurston claimed Palmyra to belong to the United States.

In 2015, the Treaty of 1850 continues on, treaties are the Supreme Law of the lands, and Pirates/Pillagers/ Frauds, Conspirators are documented.

In 2014 - 2015 - the Judicial Tribunal of the Hawaiian Kingdom /Kingdom of Hawaii met and adjudicated documented pirates/pillagers/frauds, conspirators which included Lorrin Thurston and many others like him.

Those listed were dispossessed of all lands that they/their ancestors claimed in the Hawaiian Islands/ Hawaiian archipelago.

Williamson Chang was wrongfully penalized for defending kanaka maoli in the Palmyra Island case, etc. because there indeed was No Annexation.

Williamson Chang needs to have the return of his monies wrongfully penalized by a government who has an abundant amount of evidence showing conspiracy(ies), piracies against a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation, etc.

Research incomplete as to the amount of counts/evidence documented, etc.

aloha.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXapbOq1uo0 

The Rascals - My Hawaii

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqHRh-F-HV8  

Kau Lana Na Pua