The Kingdom of Hawaii and It's Possessions
- Overview-
by Amelia Gora (2016)
The following articles of 1863, 1997 shows that the Kingdom of Hawaii Includes Stewart Island, Samoa, etc.:
1854.
Stewart Island ceded to the Kingdom of Hawaii
1855, February 10
Stewart Island cession ratified during Kamehameha IV - Alexander Liholiho's time.
1856
"Some residents of Sikaiana near the Solomon Islands believe their island was annexed by Kamehameha IV to Hawaii in 1856 (or 1855). Some maintain that through this annexation, Sikaiana has subsequently become part of the United States of America through the 1898 annexation of "Hawaii and its dependencies". The U.S. disagrees.[11]"
1857
Laysan Island was annexed in May 1, 1857,
"Lisianski Island was annexed in May 10, 1857."
1862
"Palmyra Atoll was annexed in April 15, 1862. "
1878
1880
1884
1899
1998
" The United States claims sovereignty over nine small insular areas,1 with land masses ranging in size from less than one acre to somewhat more than two square miles. The nine are Palmyra Atoll, Navassa Island, Johnston Atoll, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, and Wake Atoll.2 All but Navassa Island, in the Caribbean Sea, are in the Pacific Ocean. Many are natural atolls, which are coral reefs with exposed islands that enclose a central lagoon. (We often refer to these insular areas collectively or individually as islands.) Except for Midway and Wake Atolls, all the islands were claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act of 1856.3 Guano is seabird droppings; rich in phosphates and minerals, it is used in fertilizer. The act provides for the discoverer of a guano island, if the island is uninhabited and not within the jurisdiction of any other government, to receive the exclusive right to mine the guano for use by U.S. citizens. Rights under the act extend not just to the discoverer of a guano island but to his or her surviving spouse or heirs, or to anyone to whom he or she has assigned rights to the discovery.4 1 U.S. sovereignty over two other insular areas, Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo (Petrel Island) is disputed. Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo are in the Caribbean Sea, located approximately 180 miles southwest from the southern coast of Jamaica. Serranilla Bank is a roughly circular coral bank; on its southeast side are three small coral-and-sand keys, or low islands, the largest of which is a half mile in length. Bajo Nuevo, an oval-shaped coral bank situated northeast from Serranilla Bank, has two reefs; at both ends of each reef are small keys, the largest of which is about 300 by 50 yards in size. The United States has long maintained claims to both Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo under the Guano Islands Act. Both areas are claimed by Columbia and Jamaica. Serranilla Bank is also claimed by Honduras. Nicaragua has not claimed these areas by name, but has stated that it claims all islands and cays located on its continental shelf; however, there is no agreed maritime boundary between Nicaragua and Columbia, or between Nicaragua and Honduras, in the Western Caribbean. Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims. 2 Some residents of the Stewart Islands in the Solomon Islands group, which is located northeast of Australia and east of Papua New Guinea, claim that they are native Hawaiians and U.S. citizens. (See figure 1.) They base their claim on the assertion that the Stewart Islands were ceded to King Kamehameha IV and accepted by him as part of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1856 and, thus, were part of the Republic of Hawaii (which was declared in 1893) when it was annexed to the United States by law in 1898. The 1898 law identifies the islands being annexed only as the “Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies.” However, the annexation was based on the report of the Hawaiian Commission which did not include the Stewart Islands among the islands it identified as part of the Republic of Hawaii. Report of the Hawaiian Commission, S. Doc. No. 16, 55th Cong., at 4 (3d Sess. 1898). In 1996, some Stewart Islands residents applied to register to vote in a plebescite limited to Native Hawaiians. Their requests for ballots, however, were rejected by the Hawaiian Sovereignty Election Council. 3 The Guano Islands Act appears at 48 U.S.C. §§ 1411-19. Although claims were made to Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef under the act, the presence of guano in either area is doubtful. Legal Adviser’s Office, U.S. Department of State, The Sovereignty of Islands Claimed Under the Guano Act and of the Northwest and Hawaiian Islands, Midway, and Wake at 612-15, 624-25 (1933) [hereinafter Sovereignty]. 4 48 U.S.C. §§ 1411-13. See generally Johnson’s [sic] Islands, 9 Op. Att’y Gen. 364, 367 (1859) (discussing the conditions that must be satisfied under the act to establish a claim to a guano island); Duncan v. Navassa Phosphate Company, 137 U.S. 647 (1891). Page 39 GAO/OGC-98-5 The U.S. Constitution and Insular Areas Appendix II Relationship With the United States of Nine Small Insular Areas The Guano Islands Act authorizes the President to determine, on application, that a guano island is to be “considered as appertaining to the United States.”5 Once that determination is made, the President may use U.S. military forces to protect the rights of the discoverer, or of those who derive their rights from the discoverer. However, the law does not obligate the United States to retain possession of a guano island after the guano has been removed.6 The application of the Constitution to islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act is to be determined under the general law governing U.S. territories and possessions. The Guano Islands Act does not discuss the application of the Constitution to the islands claimed under its authority; its only reference to the application of federal law is to provide that criminal acts on the islands are to be treated as if they were committed on U.S. vessels on the high seas.7 All nine small insular areas are “unorganized.” That is, no legislation exists providing for organization of a local government. Indeed, these insular areas have no native population to form a government, they lack any source of fresh running water, and are otherwise inhospitable to self-sustaining habitation.
http://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015418/1884-05-10/ed-1/seq-9/#date1=1850&sort=date&date2=1924&words=islands+Stewart&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=10&state=Hawaii&rows=20&proxtext=stewart+island&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1
- Overview-
by Amelia Gora (2016)
The following articles of 1863, 1997 shows that the Kingdom of Hawaii Includes Stewart Island, Samoa, etc.:
1854.
Stewart Island ceded to the Kingdom of Hawaii
1855, February 10
Stewart Island cession ratified during Kamehameha IV - Alexander Liholiho's time.
1856
"Some residents of Sikaiana near the Solomon Islands believe their island was annexed by Kamehameha IV to Hawaii in 1856 (or 1855). Some maintain that through this annexation, Sikaiana has subsequently become part of the United States of America through the 1898 annexation of "Hawaii and its dependencies". The U.S. disagrees.[11]"
1857
Laysan Island was annexed in May 1, 1857,
"Lisianski Island was annexed in May 10, 1857."
1862
"Palmyra Atoll was annexed in April 15, 1862. "
1874
1878
1880
1899
1998
Reference: http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf
***************
Background:
Midway Atoll Midway is a coral atoll located 1,200 miles northeast of Honolulu. It consists of two main islands, Sand and Eastern. Figure II.7 shows the geography of Midway. It was originally discovered in July 1859, by Captain N.C. Brooks and named “Middle Brook Islands.” However, Captain Brooks never officially claimed the island. In 1867, the U.S. Navy sent Captain Page 59 GAO/OGC-98-5 The U.S. Constitution and Insular Areas Appendix II Relationship With the United States of Nine Small Insular Areas William Reynolds to claim the islands for the United States in order to establish a Pacific coaling station.51 In 1869, the Congress appropriated $50,000 for making Midway Island into a naval station and for enlarging the channel through the reef into the lagoon.52
1903
In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt issued an executive order that placed Midway under the jurisdiction and control of the U. S. Navy.53 Construction of a naval air station began in 1940, and the station was commissioned on August 1, 1941. On December 7, 1941, the day Pearl Harbor was bombed, Midway was attacked by a Japanese raiding party of four ships. In June 1942, a Japanese naval task force approached Midway. In the ensuing battle, a U.S. carrier group and aircraft from Midway withstood the all-out attack by a numerically-superior Japanese group and sank four Japanese aircraft carriers. One American carrier was lost, but this defeat of the Japanese is considered the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Following World War II, the Navy continued to have jurisdiction over Midway and maintained it as an air base. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Navy began the phase-out of operations on the atoll. In 1993, the decision was made to close the military facility at Midway.54 To permit closure and new use of the atoll, environmental impact studies were carried out. The studies indicated widespread contamination from a variety of man-made materials to the environment and the native wildlife. The Navy transferred administrative control of the atoll to the Fish and Wildlife Service on October 31, 1996.55 The Fish and Wildlife Service oversaw the clean-up of the island by the Navy. Clean-up was completed in June 1997, and the Navy departed on July 1, 1997. The Fish and Wildlife Service now has sole federal responsibility for the atoll and has decided to open the island for limited eco-tourism. A lease has been granted to the 51Apparently, the Kingdom of Hawaii did not claim Midway. In 1887, the Hawaiian Foreign Minister, in a note sent to the United States informing the Secretary of State that formal possession had been taken of Ocean Island in the name of the King of Hawaii, stated that the King claimed all the islands and islets which form the chain of the Hawaiian group extending from the Island of Nihoa to Ocean Island, except Midway Island. The United States did not formally respond. Sovereignty, supra note 3, at 924. 52Navy Appropriations Act for 1870, ch. 48, 15 Stat. 276, 279 (1869); S. Rep. No. 194, 40th Cong. (3d Sess. 1869). 53Exec. Order No. 199-A (1903). 54Pursuant to the Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1988, 10 U.S.C. § 2687 note, the Secretary of Defense recommended that the mission of the Naval Air Station on Midway be eliminated. In 1993, the Base Closure Commission agreed with the Secretary’s recommendation and operations to close the facility began. 55Exec. Order No. 13,022, 61 Fed. Reg. 56,875 (1996).
1893
" Some residents of the Stewart Islands in the Solomon Islands group, which is located northeast of Australia and east of Papua New Guinea, claim that they are native Hawaiians and U.S. citizens. (See figure 1.) They base their claim on the assertion that the Stewart Islands were ceded to King Kamehameha IV and accepted by him as part of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1856 and, thus, were part of the Republic of Hawaii (which was declared in 1893) when it was annexed to the United States by law in 1898. The 1898 law identifies the islands being annexed only as the “Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies.” However, the annexation was based on the report of the Hawaiian Commission which did not include the Stewart Islands among the islands it identified as part of the Republic of Hawaii. Report of the Hawaiian Commission, S. Doc. No. 16, 55th Cong., at 4 (3d Sess. 1898). In 1996, some Stewart Islands residents applied to register to vote in a plebescite limited to Native Hawaiians. Their requests for ballots, however, were rejected by the Hawaiian Sovereignty Election Council."
1898 - 1959
"The Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898 through a treaty ratified by the Hawaiian Senate and accepted by the U.S. Congress.14 At that time, Palmyra had been identified as part of the Republic of Hawaii.15 In April 1900, the Congress extended the Constitution to the Territory of Hawaii and declared its residents to be U.S. citizens.16 On March 18, 1959, the Hawaiian Statehood Act was passed and, on August 21, 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state of the Union. The act said that the “State of Hawaii shall consist of all the islands . . . included in the Territory of Hawaii on the date of enactment of this Act"
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"By the law of nations, recognized by all civilized States, dominion of new territory may be acquired by discovery and occupation, as well as by cession or conquest; and when citizens or subjects of one nation, in its name, and by its authority or with its assent, take and hold actual, continuous and useful possession, (although only for the purpose of carrying on a particular business, such as catching and curing fish, or working mines,) of territory unoccupied by any other government or its citizens, the nation to which they belong may exercise such jurisdiction and for such period as it sees fit over territory so acquired.31"
Guano Act
"The United States claims sovereignty over nine small insular areas,1 with land masses ranging in size from less than one acre to somewhat more than two square miles. The nine are Palmyra Atoll, Navassa Island, Johnston Atoll, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, and Wake Atoll.2 All but Navassa Island, in the Caribbean Sea, are in the Pacific Ocean. Many are natural atolls, which are coral reefs with exposed islands that enclose a central lagoon. (We often refer to these insular areas collectively or individually as islands.) Except for Midway and Wake Atolls, all the islands were claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act of 1856.3 Guano is seabird droppings; rich in phosphates and minerals, it is used in fertilizer. The act provides for the discoverer of a guano island, if the island is uninhabited and not within the jurisdiction of any other government, to receive the exclusive right to mine the guano for use by U.S. citizens. Rights under the act extend not just to the discoverer of a guano island but to his or her surviving spouse or heirs, or to anyone to whom he or she has assigned rights to the discovery.4"
Territorial Clause
The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas.
SUMMARY
King David Kalakaua maintained a Protest against other Nations moving to claim the Archipelagoes.
There was No Annexation. Opposition was documented by Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects.
Stewart Island, Samoa, etc. remain under the Kingdom of Hawaii.
U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani.
U.S. President Wilson moved on criminally assuming a foreign, neutral, non-violent nation and its archipelagoes documented.
The Army, Navy, and Federal Officials developed the Territory of Hawaii.
The Territory of Hawaii which changed into the State of Hawaii by Executive Order are Identity Thieves because they claim that they are "the successors of the Kingdom of Hawaii".
Oppositions to the U.S. have been documented over time, including the recent Opposition to U.S. President Obama's claim to the Northern Islands, See: http://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2016/10/legal-notice-noticeevidence-no-2016.html
Legal Notices have been served via U.S. certified mail in regards to issues affecting the evidence showing fraud, deception, criminal malfeasance, rents, billings, Oppositions documented including King Kalakaua's Protest. See: A Protest was recorded by King Kalakaua opposing aliens moves to claim islands, archipelagoes in the Pacific. See: http://theiolani.blogspot.com/2016/09/vol-vi-no-614-legal-notice.html?view=flipcard http://theiolani.blogspot.com/2016/09/vol-vi-no-614-legal-notice.html?view=flipcard
U.S. Seizure of Hawaii also documented.
SUMMARY
King David Kalakaua maintained a Protest against other Nations moving to claim the Archipelagoes.
There was No Annexation. Opposition was documented by Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects.
Stewart Island, Samoa, etc. remain under the Kingdom of Hawaii.
U.S. President Cleveland Gave Hawaii Back to Queen Liliuokalani.
U.S. President Wilson moved on criminally assuming a foreign, neutral, non-violent nation and its archipelagoes documented.
The Army, Navy, and Federal Officials developed the Territory of Hawaii.
The Territory of Hawaii which changed into the State of Hawaii by Executive Order are Identity Thieves because they claim that they are "the successors of the Kingdom of Hawaii".
Oppositions to the U.S. have been documented over time, including the recent Opposition to U.S. President Obama's claim to the Northern Islands, See: http://amelia-gora.blogspot.com/2016/10/legal-notice-noticeevidence-no-2016.html
Legal Notices have been served via U.S. certified mail in regards to issues affecting the evidence showing fraud, deception, criminal malfeasance, rents, billings, Oppositions documented including King Kalakaua's Protest. See: A Protest was recorded by King Kalakaua opposing aliens moves to claim islands, archipelagoes in the Pacific. See: http://theiolani.blogspot.com/2016/09/vol-vi-no-614-legal-notice.html?view=flipcard http://theiolani.blogspot.com/2016/09/vol-vi-no-614-legal-notice.html?view=flipcard
U.S. Seizure of Hawaii also documented.
found the kingdom of hawaii protest against nations claiming islands n archipelagoes...ref archives, king kalakauas time:
Department of Foreign Affairs,
Honolulu
- PROTEST -
His Hawaiian Majesty Government being informed that it is the purpose of certain States to annex various Islands and Archipelagoes of Polynesia, does hereby solemnly Protest agains such projects of Annexation as unjust to a simple and ignorant People, and subversive of those conditions for favorabe national development, which have been so happily recorded to the Hawaiian Nation.
1. The Hawaiian People highly appreciate the blessings of National Independence a boon secured to the Hawaiian Kingdom by the joint action
(page 1)
of great and magnanimous States ever ready to accord to a weak young State, the favorable opportunities for self government.
The Hawaiian people encouraged by favorable political conditions have cultivated and entertain a strong national sentiment, which not only leads them to appreciate and cherish their own political State, but also inspires them with a desire to have extended to Kindred yet less favored People and States of Polynesia like favorable political opportunities for national development.
And whereas a Hawaiian Legislative Assembly expressing unanimously the National sentiment have declared that it was the duty of His Hawaiian Majesty's Government
(page 2)
to people of Kindred Peoples and States of Polynesia our advisory assistance to aid them in securing opportunities for improving their political condition.
2. His Hawaiian Majesty's Government has responded to the call of the National Legislature by appointing and sending a Special Commissioner to several Polynesian States, - he being entrusted with a mission of good will and international comity, and His Majesty's Government has accorded to various Polynesian Chiefs, appealing to King Kalakaua for aid, an advisory counsel.
His Hawaiian Majesty's Government speaking for the Hawaiian People, so happily prospering through national independence
(page 3)
make earnest appeal to the Governments of great and enlightened States, that they will recognize the unalienable rights of the several races and communities of Polynesia to enjoy opportunities for peoples and self government, and will guarantee to them the same admirable political opportunities which have made Hawaii prosperous and happy, and which incite her national spirit to lift up a voice among the Nations in behalf of sister Islands and groups of Polynesia.
(page 4)
Opposition to Obama's claim of part of the Hawaiian archipelago remains.
The Protest of King David Kalakaua and his people continue with his heirs, successors, and people continue till today.
King David Kalakaua had two (2) of his own children, a stepson/adopted son of his wife Kapiolani/Queen Kapiolani, and two hanai/adopted children.
His children:
Kamaka (w)
Kaopu (k)
His stepson:
Kahanu (k)
Two hanai/adopted children
Genealogies:
King Kalakaua's son named Kaopu (k) with Kailihou (w) adopted Elikapeka Kaimiola Kaluakini (siblings) who married Joseph Matsugoro/Gora and had John (siblings). John married Mary Castro and had Amelia Gora (siblings)f.
His wife Kapiolani was the hanai/adopted daughter of Kaluakini (k) who married Haili (w) niece of Kapiolani - her mother was Princess Poomaikelani.
Kaluakini (k) and Haili (w) had Elikapeka Kaimiola Kaluakini (siblings) and transferred through adoption their children to King Kalakaua's son Kaopu (k) and Kaluakini's mother Kailihou(w).
Kapiolani was the hanai/adopted sister of Elikapeka Kaimiolani Kaluakini (siblings) who married Joseph Matsugoro/Gora and had John (siblings). John married Mary Castro and had Amelia Gora (siblings).
Our families are also part of Royal Families, descendants/heirs of Kalaniopuu, Kamehameha, Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli, Kaumualii, John Young, Isaac Davis, et. als.
Overview
The Hawaiian archipelago is made up of 133 Islands.
The age of our kanaka maoli in the Hawaiian archipelago is more than 1,650+ years.
Conspiracy(ies), piracy(ies), pillaging, racketeering can be seen in the criminal assumption of the Hawaiian archipelago by Obama/U.S. President Obama who claims to provide a conservation area when in reality he moves to encroach on foreign territories.
Through the use of War Games, the bombing in the Pacific Ocean surrounding our Hawaiian archipelago is Not a sign of preservation and conservation.
The Army, Navy, and Federal officials were used by the U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to assume the private properties of the Kingdom of Hawaii and supported the Territory which claimed to be "the successor of the Kingdom of Hawaii" a documented Identity Theft.
Roosevelt is credited for creating the beginning of a Ocean Reserve.
The Territory which became the State of Hawaii by U.S. Presidential Executive Order by U.S. President Eisenhower is Not a Government but an illegal set up, a sham documented in the PA PELEKANE Case of 1912.
Obama provides an ongoing Conspiracy, piracy(ies), pillaging, racketeering, genocide activities, robbery of minerals, etc. disregarding the claim to conservation, disregarding the facts that the U.S. are uninvited occupiers, trespassing on lands of the Kingdom of Hawaii/Kingdom of Hawaii/ Hawaiian archipelago/Hawaiian Islands/He Mokupuni Pae Aina o Hawaii/Ko Hawaii Pae Aina.
Opposition and continued Protest to Obama et. als. are hereby entered for the records.
Rents are due for Pearl Harbor, all lands conveyed by the Pirate entity Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estates, etc. are posted as a reminder.
Rents are also due for the Iolani Palace, City Hall, the State Capitol, etc. sitting on our families lands.
Also, toll charges are due for the lands that the Rail is due as well.
The Royal Families exist, many Kamehameha's including King Lunalilo's, King Kalakaua's, and Queen Liliuokalani's Families who are the private property owners, Superior Title owners, Alodio/ Ano Alodio Land owners who are also the owners, caretakers of the Trusts, gold coins, gold bullions, and are the True Kingdom of Hawaii heirs and successors, Not the Identity Thieves State, OHA, etc.
Sovereignty exists and remains for the Kingdom of Hawaii, and all the islands including Stewart Island, Samoa, etc.
The Royal Families of the Kingdom of Hawaii exists.
The documented Successor after Princess Kaiulani is Princess Poomaikelani's heirs.
aloha.
references:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamehameha_IV
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015408/1863-04-04/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1850&sort=date&date2=1924&words=Island+Islands+Stewart&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=4&state=Hawaii&rows=20&proxtext=stewart+island&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1
http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf